Quick facts

 

what is a concussion?

A concussion is a serious injury to the brain resulting from the rapid acceleration or deceleration of brain tissue within the skull. Rapid movement causes brain tissue to change shape, which can stretch and damage brain cells. This damage also causes chemical and metabolic changes within the brain cells, making it more difficult for cells to function and communicate. [1]

 

what is post concussion syndrome (PCS)?

Post-Concussion Syndrome, or PCS, is the persistence of concussion symptoms beyond the normal course of recovery. The majority of concussion symptoms will resolve within about two weeks, and with proper recovery almost all dissipate within a month. In cases where symptoms last longer than one or two months, doctors may diagnose Post-Concussion Syndrome. Patients with PCS can experience concussion-like symptoms at rest or in response to too much physical or cognitive activity, often forcing them to withdraw from their usual physical, professional, and social lives. [2]

Symptoms may include:

 
  • Headache
  • Nausea
  • Dizziness
  • Fatigue
  • Memory issues
  • Irritability
  • Anxiety
  • Sleep disturbances/insomnia
  • Loss of concentration and memory
  • Noise, light, and smell sensitivity
  • Tinnitus
  • Neck pain
  • Depression
  • Anxiety
  • Cognitive deficiencies
  • Balance issues
  • Confusion
  • Eye convergence insufficiencies
  • Visual problems and blurred vision
 
 

 

what is CTE?

Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy (CTE) is a degenerative brain disease found in athletes, military veterans, and others with a history of repetitive brain trauma. CTE has a long history and was first described in 1928, when Dr. Harrison Martland described a group of boxers as having ‘punch drunk syndrome.

All definitions and symptoms are quoted from the Concussion Legacy Foundation. To learn more about concussions, please visit their website.